Public Policy Commentary - Creating America’s First Transcontinental Railroad

Public Policy Commentary

Letters of Support Received to Date:

2000

including more than 700 from commercial partners

Public Policy Commentary

Policy experts, think tanks and editorial voices frame the combination as a step toward modernizing America’s freight network. Their commentary underscores the combination's potential to improve efficiency, strengthen supply chains and enhance U.S. competitiveness.
Lexington Institute logo

Mac Carey

Founder and CEO of the Lexington Institute

“The STB has a full year of review ahead. If the Board applies the same standard it applied to CPKC, it will find that an American-owned transcontinental railroad is the right answer and in the national interest. Shippers and consumers will benefit. The supply chain will be more resilient across the board and will strengthen our military readiness.”

See more
Missouri Times logo

Tim Jones

Former Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives

“Last year, UPS, the Teamsters’ largest employer, eliminated 48,000 jobs and shuttered 93 buildings. In January, the company announced up to 30,000 more cuts and two dozen additional closures. Packages are still moving through the network, but entire facilities have gone dark. This was the largest peacetime workforce reduction in the history of American parcel delivery.

O’Brien’s response was revealing. When asked about further downsizing at UPS, he said the union “won’t stand in its way.” That was the union’s general president, officially speaking on the record. O’Brien did little publicly to push back on the broader losses.

His approach to a freight rail merger has been extremely different.

The Teamsters Rail Conference is spending heavily to block Union Pacific’s acquisition of Norfolk Southern. In April, it joined a coalition alongside BNSF and CPKC, two railroads that compete directly with UP and NS for the same freight. That placed the union squarely in the same coalition as competing rail carriers with vested interests in the outcome of the merger.

The contrast in these two labor fights is stark. The railroaders on the other side of this fight have been offered something UPS Teamsters have never had: a written guarantee that they cannot be furloughed for the rest of their working lives. SMART-TD, the country’s largest railroad union, negotiated the guarantee. Conductors, engineers and yardmasters would keep their jobs, crafts and territories. The language comes from an Illinois Central agreement SMART-TD won in 2008, which held through the Great Recession and the global pandemic. Five other rail unions signed similar agreements and endorsed the merger.

The Teamsters did not match that agreement. Instead, they are trying to brazenly stop the entire deal. SMART-TD has seemingly had enough and finally said so in public. Its president called the campaign by the Teamsters as reckless and dangerous, even a “Chicken Little routine.” Weeks earlier, the union had published a piece titled “Should Truckers Speak for Railroaders?” Its answer was no. Tim Lee, of the Center for Individual Freedom, did the arithmetic in the Washington Examiner: for every Teamster on the railroad, there are roughly six who drive a truck, load a parcel or work in a warehouse.

The membership numbers help explain the Teamsters’ strategy.

The Teamsters have roughly 1.3 million members. About 340,000 work at UPS, the union’s largest concentration, and those jobs are being cut. Its second-largest base is long-haul trucking, another industry facing upheaval and even competition from this rail merger. For example, some trucking companies are already running driverless commercial trucks between Dallas and Houston with plans to expand out further. A UC Berkeley Labor Center study projects that autonomous vehicles could displace as many as 294,000 long-haul drivers. Freight rail is heavily regulated and safety-intensive. For the Teamsters, it is one of the few blue-collar sectors where automation is not about to erase the work.

The Teamsters’ foothold in rail, however, is small. Their Rail Conference covers roughly 70,000 workers, about five percent of the total union. That makes rail an obvious place to grow. If the UP-NS merger clears with SMART-TD’s lifetime job-security agreement in place, SMART-TD will be the union that secured a concrete result for railroaders. The Teamsters risk being shut out of a sector they need to enter. Peter Roff, writing in RealClearMarkets, described the conflict of interest as hiding in plain sight.

The Teamsters seemingly have room to make that play because they walked out of the AFL-CIO in 2005 and have not returned. The UFCW came back in 2013, and the SEIU rejoined this January. The Teamsters are now the only major private-sector union outside the “house of labor”, and the only one not bound by the federation’s Article 20 no-raid rules.

That independence, and willingness to try to raid workers from other unions, has a history. In 2002, the Teamsters went after the Los Angeles police union. West Coast longshoremen have fought them over cargo jurisdiction for much of the past century. The rail merger is the latest chapter.

The change in the Teamsters’ language in arguing against the rail merger is telling. Six months ago, the union said the merger would cost its members their jobs. Now its filings refer to lost industry “positions.” That distinction matters. A career guarantee protects an actual worker. A position count protects a bargaining unit. Only one of those puts money in a family’s bank account.

The Surface Transportation Board should decide the merger on the merits. But when Sean O’Brien argues that a signed lifetime job guarantee is not enough for railroaders, he should have to answer one question: Why wasn’t a similar commitment worth fighting for when 48,000 UPS Teamsters lost their jobs last year?

Railroaders can see the difference. Their union has already said it out loud.”

See more
RealClearMarkets logo

Tom Giovanetti

President, Institute for Policy Innovation

“Rail moves freight using far less fuel per ton than trucks do and is a way to help see savings for those who do ship goods by rail. The problem is that on long cross-country moves, rail loses business to trucks because the handoffs make it slower and less reliable. The companies estimate that shifting freight from long-haul trucking to the combined railroad would save shippers $3.5 billion annually. Faster, more dependable service gives shippers a real reason to choose trains, and trucking companies will have to compete harder for every load.

Voters seem to understand this. A Guidant Polling & Strategy survey of 2,000 likely general election voters nationwide, conducted April 8 to 14, 2026, found that 55 percent supported the proposal after hearing a basic description. Twenty-three percent opposed it, and 22 percent were unsure. Support outpaced opposition by more than two to one.”

See more
Big Energy News logo

Big Energy News

Big Energy News

“Freight railroads have long been the most fuel-efficient way to move goods over land. According to the Association of American Railroads, a train can move one ton of freight nearly 500 miles on a single gallon of fuel. That makes rail three to four times more fuel efficient than trucks, and a single train can replace several hundred trucks.

When diesel costs $6.50 a gallon, that gap stops being an environmental talking point and becomes a pocketbook issue. Every container that moves the long leg of its trip by train burns a fraction of the fuel it would on a highway. That means lower transportation costs for the businesses that ship it and less pressure on what consumers pay.

The trucking industry is feeling the strain. The Cass Truckload Linehaul Index rose 11.3% year over year in August, its biggest jump since June 2022, as diesel prices climbed 46% over the same period. EIA expects diesel to average about $5.55 a gallon in the fourth quarter. That would still be far above last year's levels.”

See more
Townhall logo

Jeff Charles

News Editor, Townhall.com

“Don’t buy the protectionist spin. Critics claim the Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern merger builds a monopoly. But the routes have virtually zero overlap and will force the entire industry to compete harder for American agriculture. Watch why this deal actually helps consumers.”

See more

American Consumer Institute

"The new Union Pacific-CN agreement expands customer choice and strengthens North American freight rail. It also strengthens the case for the UP-NS merger by facilitating competition between Class I railroads. Regulators should welcome solutions that drive competition and enhance service for consumers."

See more

Ike Brannon

President of Capital Policy Analytics

"Mergers often change how firms compete. Companies must adjust strategies, negotiate new commercial agreements, and look for ways to strengthen their position before regulators reach a final decision. The agreement between Union Pacific and CN is a good example. Union Pacific reached an agreement with CN that expands operating rights around Chicago, creates new Canada-Mexico service opportunities, and preserves competitive access across the North American rail network. Merger reviews must account for market responses which enhance competition. If the review process encouraged an agreement like this one, regulators are already seeing the market adapt in ways that expand customer choice and improve service. North American freight rail has always relied on competition alongside commercial cooperation. The Surface Transportation Board should recognize those outcomes and approve the first true transcontinental railroad in the United States. Moving freight off of highways would have an enormous environmental and safety benefit."

See more

Charles Sauer

President of The Market Institute

"A seamless coast-to-coast rail network would strengthen supply chains, reduce transportation costs, and help keep the American economy moving."

See more

George Landrith

President of Frontiers of Freedom

"A combined network supports our national interests by strengthening the supply chain and keeping costs low for American consumers. America needs bold infrastructure solutions, and this merger has the potential to be one of them."

See more

John Righeimer

Sawyer County Supervisor and GOP Chair

"When businesses have greater access to customers and fewer barriers to competition, innovation and growth follow. A seamless rail network connecting East to West would strengthen our national economy while delivering real benefits in Wisconsin."

See more

Laura Welch

GOP Activist, Dodge County

"Our state's farmers contribute more than $116 billion annually to Wisconsin's economy. Railroads handle nearly 40 percent of U.S. grain exports — serving as a critical link in moving products from farm to market. Under the proposed merger, the combined UP-NS network could reduce shipping times, streamline service, and improve efficiency, delivering meaningful cost savings to farmers across the state."

See more

Michael Toth

Director of Research at the Civitas Institute (University of Texas at Austin)

“This is giving us, for freight, a high-speed express lane from coast to coast without a single dollar of taxpayer money. It’s going to cut emissions… help people get their Amazon and UPS packages faster.”

See more

Jeffrey Depp

Senior Council for Law and Policy at the Committee for Justice

“Combining Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern stands to deliver real, measurable benefits… These benefits come through private investment, not public spending. Freight rail is one of the few infrastructure sectors in America that finances its own upkeep, investing roughly $23 billion of private capital each year, or six times more than the average manufacturer."

See more

Brigham McCown

Director at the Hudson Institute and a Member of the USDOT Advisory Board

“Today, long-distance rail shipments must often pass across multiple carriers, adding interchange delays, extra handling and fragmented visibility. A unified network could eliminate many of those friction points, cutting days off cross-country runs, improving reliability and offering shippers a seamless experience more comparable to trucking—without drawing on taxpayer funds. Shifting even a portion of the heaviest freight back to rail would also reduce highway wear, ease the driver-shortage burden and lower emissions and crash exposure per ton-mile. This is not an argument for rail at the expense of trucking. Trucks remain indispensable for first- and last-mile delivery and for much of America’s freight. A healthier, more balanced system benefits both modes.”

See more

Ike Brannon

Senior Fellow at the Jack Kemp Foundation

“These two companies are near-perfect companions, as there is almost no overlap between their respective rail networks, with the Union Pacific stretching across the West side of the Mississippi River and Norfolk Southern covering the East, so their combination does not reduce competition in any given market. Instead, it creates new, more competitive options for shippers across the country.

This is the kind of transformative evolution that is needed to keep U.S. rail competitive in the 21st-century freight market. The combined company will better compete with Canadian transcontinental railroads, shoring up the domestic supply chain and offering more opportunities for American workers."

‍

See more

Peter Roff

Veteran Political Journalist and Public Policy Analyst

“The rail industry currently delivers significant economic benefits. According to the Association of American Railroads, every railroad job creates almost four additional jobs in sectors such as manufacturing, logistics and technology. The merger’s expansion of operations and infrastructure investment will generate thousands of high-paying jobs and create stability in communities along the rail lines. It will also support long-term workforce growth, guaranteeing stable, lucrative professions for many years to come.”

See more

George Landrith

President of Frontiers of Freedom Institute

"These delays across the country are not minor technical issues. They are economic drag. Freight sits idle while transferring between carriers. Aging infrastructure and poor coordination can make it worse. Costs rise for manufacturers, retailers, and, ultimately, American families. The solution is straightforward. Streamline the system. That could mean strategic mergers, like has been proposed by UP and NS in their merger that will create the first transcontinental railroad in our country, targeted infrastructure upgrades, or both. The goal is simple: move goods faster, more reliably, and more affordably. This is not a partisan issue. It is an economic necessity. Every day America waits is a day lost in competitiveness and efficiency. It is time to update our freight rail system for the needs of the 21st century. The economy cannot wait, and neither can the people who rely on it."

See more

Ken Buck

Political Strategist and Former U.S. Representative

“Reindustrializing the country will require more than factory construction. It calls for a modern, resilient supply chain to move what those factories produce. The Union Pacific-Norfolk Southern merger represents a chance to rebuild a vital piece of that chain. It would bring competition and efficiency back to freight transport, relieve pressure on public infrastructure and keep America's economic engine running safely and reliably.”

See more

Jordan McGillis

Economic Innovation Group Fellow

“Connecting America’s farms, mines, factories and harbors by rail—the safest land transport method around and the fastest for heavy goods—is an essential task for boosting the nation’s productivity and realizing its industrial potential. It’s time the United States gets a unified railroad and ushers in another golden age.”

See more

Texas Insider

"Interchange delays between carriers, common in a multi-operator system, often slow supply chains and inflate costs for shippers and consumers alike. The UP-NS merger would eliminate many of these inefficiencies, creating seamless routes and reducing transit times across the state. The result: lower costs, faster deliveries and a more reliable transportation option for local businesses. For Texans, the impact of the STB’s decision is clear: a transcontinental rail network promises to further speed Texas’s robust and resilient economic growth."

See more

Rob Maness

Retired U.S. Air Force Colonel

“The proposed merger between Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern presents a historic opportunity. For the first time, uninterrupted coast-to-coast service would connect military bases, defense manufacturers, ports and more. This Surface Transportation Board review must recognize the deal for what it is: a national security imperative that strengthens supply chains, fuels energy independence, creates American jobs and ensures military readiness. This is our moment to invest in infrastructure that keeps us free and competitive — reminding the world that American power is built on American steel, American energy and American grit, moved across American rails.”

See more

Tom Giovanetti

President of the Institute for Policy Innovation

"The recently proposed merger of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern represents an opportunity to improve our roads and our supply chains at the same time. When freight shifts from trucks to trains, taxpayers benefit twice: fewer dollars are spent fixing battered highways and more freight is carried by a system that requires no public dollars. The potential savings for taxpayers are not theoretical Every additional ton of freight shifted to rail represents pavement preserved and taxpayer dollars saved."

See more

David Ozgo

President of Advocacy Analytics LLC and Senior Fellow at the Parkview Institute

"Our railroad system needs to be world class to keep U.S. companies competitive and help deliver higher living standards for all Americans. As America tries to 're-shore' manufacturing, railroads will play an even bigger part in the U.S. economy. Allowing the UP-NS merger to go through will help increase railroad productivity and allow the railroad system to keep up in an ever more competitive world."

See more

Kristen Walker

Policy Analyst with the American Consumer Institute

“Opening new routes will streamline operations, allow for quicker transit times and lower transportation expenses. The ultimate winners are the consumers who rely on quick and affordable delivery of thousands of goods to effectively run businesses and/or households. Improving the shipping process while reducing costs will boost the former and enhance the latter.”

See more

Coalition of Free-Market Policy Organizations

“By linking two of the nation’s largest rail networks into a unified transcontinental system, this merger will unlock faster, more reliable and more affordable movement of goods across the United States… helping reduce the cost of consumer goods transported frequently by rail, ultimately lowering costs for American consumers and families.”

See more

Preston Brashers

Research Fellow for Tax Policy at The Heritage Foundation

“Imagine if airlines couldn’t fly nonstop between the East and West coasts. Instead, all flights would have to stop in the middle of the country so customers could catch another airline’s plane for the last half of the trip. That would be a frustrating inconvenience, and that’s exactly how America’s freight rail industry currently works.

Regulators shouldn’t stand in the way of a deal that would benefit American workers and consumers. Instead, they should allow barriers to be torn down and let builders and innovators grow and flourish.”

See more

Brian Garst

Vice President of the Center for Freedom and Prosperity

“The combined Union Pacific–Norfolk Southern network would eliminate chokepoints, cutting delivery times by up to two full days. For cross-country shippers, whether it be for agriculture, petroleum or manufactured goods, that means lower inventory costs and more resilient supply chains. For consumers, it means products that arrive faster and cheaper. The STB faces a simple test: does this deal make our freight system faster, cheaper and more competitive? The answer is yes.”

See more

*Jim Vokal

CEO of Platte Institute

“The merger promises faster, more dependable service, reduced congestion and expanded market reach for our businesses. It also means continued investment in rail infrastructure—enhancing safety, creating jobs and ensuring our community remains competitive in a growing economy.”

‍

See more

Ashley Baker

Director of Public Policy at the Committee for Justice

“By linking networks, the merged company could offer direct cross-country service without costly handoffs… Shippers would have more options, rates would reflect increased competition, and consumers would ultimately pay less.”

See more

Danielle Zanzalari

Assistant Professor of Economics at Seton Hall University

“The Union Pacific–Norfolk Southern transcontinental railroad is not just about laying down track; it is about building a faster, stronger, resilient American supply chain and fulfilling a vision more than 160 years in the making.”

See more

Cajun Conservatism

“This merger doesn’t just connect the coasts—it connects American producers to American consumers. It ties together Louisiana’s industrial might with the manufacturing resurgence underway across the country. And it sends a clear message: America is serious about building, shipping, and buying American again.”

See more

Louisiana Policy Review

“Instead of relying on foreign competitors or overburdened highways, America will now have a seamless coast-to-coast rail system capable of moving steel, timber, petrochemicals, and grain with greater speed and lower cost. This is how you rebuild an industrial economy—by connecting producers directly to customers across the country, without bottlenecks or foreign interference.”

See more

Fred Ashton

Director of Competition Policy at the American Action Forum

“Combining the Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern rail networks could alleviate interchange bottlenecks and reduce dwell times as less freight would need to be switched from one carrier to another.”

See more

Richard A. Stern

Director of the Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies and Hermann Center for the Federal Budget at the Heritage Foundation

"Get the government out of the way and let American businesses work together to strengthen the USA!"

See more

George Landrith

President of Frontiers of Freedom

“When freight moves freely, the entire nation benefits. Grocery store shelves stay stocked, manufacturers can keep production on schedule and products reach markets without costly delays. Lower transportation costs ripple through the entire economy, reducing the price of everyday goods, stabilizing supply chains and strengthening the financial security of American families. What begins with fewer bottlenecks on the rails ends with more reliability and affordability for the workers, consumers and businesses who drive America forward. Everyone wins when efficiency, competition and innovation work together to strengthen the nation as a whole.”

See more

Aiden Buzzetti

President of The Bull Moose Project

“This merger would allow the interchange system to be less complex, to be less of a problem, because what happens at these interchanges, you're usually moving them onto rail lines from different companies, so that means there's a higher risk of your shipment being delayed by a few days if something is wrong, they lose the rail cars occasionally as well. And so if we can streamline these interchange issues, then we're taking out the inefficiencies compared to trucks, where you just load into the truck and drive to the location and you're good. It's much more difficult to compete with trucks when you're at risk of losing track of the goods on the rail car.”

‍

See more

Charles Sauer

President of Market Institute

"Beyond its transportation benefits, establishing a coast-to-coast railroad through the Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern merger supports a key national objective: rebuilding the U.S. manufacturing base. Supply-chain disruptions in recent years have shown how critical dependable logistics are for keeping plants running and shelves stocked. Every day saved in transit, every reduction in shipping cost, and every improvement in network reliability directly affects whether American-made goods can compete with foreign alternatives."

See more

Michael Gorman

Niehaus Chair in Operations and Analytics at the University of Dayton

“By shifting significant freight volumes from road to rail, the merger would ease road congestion and public infrastructure maintenance costs, saving billions in future maintenance costs. These are savings that flow directly to the taxpayers.”

See more

David Blackmon

Public Policy Analyst

“The geographic overlap between Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern is minimal. This isn’t a market grab—it’s a connectivity play. Unlike mergers that consolidate market share in one region, this deal would improve cross-country service and provide a stronger East-West alternative to the recently merged Canadian Pacific–Kansas City Southern, which now runs uninterrupted from Canada to Mexico. The merger would actually enhance competition, especially along East-West routes by creating a second transcontinental carrier with scale and reach.”

See more

Ike Brannon

Senior Fellow at the Jack Kemp Foundation

“The American economy would greatly benefit from a more efficient supply chain that can move more goods quicker and cheaper than is currently the case. The Union Pacific–Norfolk Southern merger is exactly the kind of private-sector modernization that can make the country’s logistics faster and cheaper, and boost the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing.”

See more

*Source not publicly available online. Quote obtained via print media, broadcast appearance, interview, newsletter, STB filing or SEC filing.

Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern locomotives pulling an intermodal train through grassy hills.

A stronger, more connected America

Take the Next Step

More than 2,000 businesses, unions, farmers and community leaders have already told the Surface Transportation Board why this combination matters. Tell Congress why America’s first transcontinental railroad matters for American jobs, supply chains and economic growth.

Your voice is part of the record.